自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)

自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)在節(jié)約人員成本、材料成本、保證食品**食品質量等方面具有**的優(yōu)勢，下面就某食品企業(yè)供粉系統(tǒng)為例具體說明自動化供粉系統(tǒng)工藝
面粉主要通過散裝自卸車運輸，并用其自帶的壓運系統(tǒng)將面粉壓送至面粉倉。面粉通過振動倉底卸料器和變頻喂料絞龍根據(jù)生產(chǎn)需要將一定量的面粉運送至單倉篩，
經(jīng)過單倉篩的篩理以保證原料的質量，如有外來袋裝面粉，也可通過人工投料斗將面粉輸送至單倉篩。面粉在經(jīng)過單倉篩篩理和磁選器磁選后，經(jīng)過一套簡單的壓運系統(tǒng)將面粉輸送至循環(huán)分離倉暫存，以備后續(xù)工段的使用。當用粉點需要面粉時，面粉通過振動倉底卸料器和變頻喂料絞龍輸送至配料秤，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)需要，準確稱量，并將面粉通過喂料絞龍輸送至各個用粉點。整個系統(tǒng)中，在易產(chǎn)生粉塵的工作點均已設置除塵系統(tǒng)，以保證人員**。
２．２自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng) 各個系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢說明２．２．１ 面粉接收系統(tǒng)
散裝自卸車采用簡單的機械和氣力輸送，具有結構簡單、配置靈活、設備數(shù)量少，占地空間小、投資省、維護方便、去向靈活等優(yōu)點，適用于周邊大、中型
食品廠的供粉自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)食品加工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始淘汰傳統(tǒng)的手工模式，正朝著健康、 營養(yǎng)、專業(yè)、方便快捷的自動化方向發(fā)展，自動化供粉系統(tǒng)的應用可以將人們從繁重的工作中解脫出來。自動化供粉系統(tǒng)就是通過先進的ＰＬＣ系統(tǒng)控制機械設備運行，以實現(xiàn)用*少的人員成本將面粉**、準確、穩(wěn)定、高效的運送至各個工作點。隨著社會的進步，人民的生活逐漸朝方便快捷的方向發(fā)展，越來越多的人不愿意花費大量的時間在廚房，新一代的消費群體不斷增加，人們對方便食品的需求會越來越大， 方便食品類的加工廠應運而生，如掛面、方便面、饅頭、包子、面條、水餃、鍋貼、餡餅、披薩、春卷、油條、麻花、燒餅、烙餅、面包、餅干、炒面、油茶等等，這些現(xiàn)代化的食品加工企業(yè)均以面粉為加工原料，足以說明供粉系統(tǒng)在食品行業(yè)的重要性傳統(tǒng)供粉系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀傳統(tǒng)的供粉系統(tǒng)采用的人工供粉，而且原料均為袋裝面粉，供粉量都是根據(jù)一定單位時間內投入面粉的袋數(shù)計量。

此自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)在食品加工行業(yè)持續(xù)相當長的一段時間，但是隨著商品經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，人們工作效率、生活水平的提高，健康生活的飲食的概念已經(jīng)的深入人心，此供粉方式終將被行業(yè)所淘汰。傳統(tǒng)的供粉方式存在以下弊端。１．１ 人工成本太高隨著社會的發(fā)展，**傳統(tǒng)的低勞動力成本優(yōu)勢已經(jīng)慢慢減弱，在傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)過程中面粉原料的反復裝卸、搬運及投放都增加了勞動強度，必然會導致人工成本的不斷增長，而且人們對工作環(huán)境的要求越來越高。傳統(tǒng)的投料方式必然會產(chǎn)生大量的粉塵既危害勞動者的身體健康，又存在很大的**生產(chǎn)隱患。人工成本的增加必然提高食品加工的成本，降低市場競爭力，直接影響企業(yè)的效益

材料成本太高傳統(tǒng)的加工企業(yè)采用的原料均為２５ ｋｇ的面粉小包裝，假如加工廠１ ｄ使用面粉量為３０ ｔ，則每天需要１ ２００個面粉包裝袋，每個包裝袋的成本按照平均１元／個計算，則每天包材的支出成本為１ ２００元。對于部分自有面粉加工廠的食品企業(yè)來說，短距離的包裝運輸無疑是一種浪費和損耗。１．３ 食品**難以控制隨著《食品**法》的推出，人們對食品**越來越重視，在傳統(tǒng)的供粉工藝中，人工投料過程中工作環(huán)境是開放式的，面粉直接與外界接觸，難免在搬運及拆袋過程中造成二次污染，面粉質量難以控制。１．４ 食品質量難以控制傳統(tǒng)的人工供粉以面粉袋數(shù)作為依據(jù)，與實際重量存在一定的誤差，很難保證食品的質量的可靠與穩(wěn)定。２ 自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)的應用與傳統(tǒng)供粉系統(tǒng)相比，


１］
。散裝運輸可節(jié)約材料及包裝成本，并且運輸方便靈活，在整個接收系統(tǒng)中面粉沒有與外界接觸，避免二次污染，具有良好的經(jīng)濟效益。２．２．２ 面粉出倉系統(tǒng)
兩個面粉倉可存放不同的品種，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)需要，通過調節(jié)變頻喂料絞龍的頻率，已達到面粉粗配的目的，可保證面粉質量的穩(wěn)定，使生產(chǎn)更加靈活、方便、可操作性強。２．２．３
 面粉篩理系統(tǒng)
面粉在進入生產(chǎn)車間之前必須經(jīng)過篩理，以防止面粉結塊、生蟲污染食品原料，也可防止在人工拆袋過程中繩頭等異物掉入。磁選系統(tǒng)可以篩選出面粉中的磁性物質，保證面粉品質和食品**。２．２．４ 面粉輸送系統(tǒng)
物料輸送的管道化、密閉化和自動化，是現(xiàn)在散狀物料輸送技術的發(fā)展方向，而氣力輸送無疑是實
現(xiàn)這種物流技術的*佳方式之一［
２］
。自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)面粉輸送采用氣力正壓輸送，與其他輸送裝置相比更**，有利于環(huán)境和衛(wèi)生，可避免物料受潮、混入異物，也可降低勞動強度，大大提高生產(chǎn)效率。２．２．５ 卸料系統(tǒng)

由于暫存?zhèn)}體積較小，壓運入倉后，直接吸風除塵，會產(chǎn)生大量的吸風粉，對生產(chǎn)造成不便，本系統(tǒng)采用專業(yè)的循環(huán)分離倉，可有效的減少吸風粉的產(chǎn)生，
減少人工成本及原料的浪費，提高經(jīng)濟效益。２．２．６ 稱量系統(tǒng)
本系統(tǒng)采用高精度型稱重模塊，結合稱重控制儀表對物料進行**稱量，在整個ＰＬＣ系統(tǒng)的控制下，準確、穩(wěn)定的為用粉點提供原料，大大提高了工作效率。配料秤量計算準確，全無人自動化操作同時使生產(chǎn)率提高，為企業(yè)帶來了可觀的經(jīng)濟效益和良好的社會效益，同時該系統(tǒng)中ＰＬＣ控制充分發(fā)揮了其抗干擾能力強、配置靈活、控制可靠、編程方便、易于維護和可現(xiàn)場調試的優(yōu)點，給整個系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定
性帶來較大的益處［
３］
。２．２．７ 除塵系統(tǒng)
在人工投料斗、壓運關風器、配料秤等易產(chǎn)生粉塵的作業(yè)點均設置了吸風點，并經(jīng)過布袋除塵器后排出室外，大大改善了工作環(huán)境，防止粉塵爆炸，保證生產(chǎn)**。
２．２．８ 控制系統(tǒng)
本系統(tǒng)是通過ＰＬＣ控制各個設備按照設計的流程穩(wěn)定運行，
并且在相應位置設置料位器等報警裝置，以達到在無人監(jiān)控的情況下，可保證設備的正常運行。配料秤的加料與放料也是通過ＰＬＣ控制來完成，整個系統(tǒng)大大減少了人工成本的投入，并且大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟效益。在整個系統(tǒng)中，所有設備均設置現(xiàn)場檢修及急停開關，可以有效保證工作人員的人身**。

３ 結語自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)是每個食品可供人類食用或飲用的物質，包括加工食品，半成品和未加工食品。   企業(yè)的重中之重，供粉環(huán)節(jié)的生產(chǎn)**是保證后續(xù)產(chǎn)品質量的關鍵。人工供粉系統(tǒng)主要靠人工作業(yè)方式投料，
人為因素大大降低了投料的精度及物料的**性，已遠遠不能滿足現(xiàn)代化食品企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)需要，
而自動化集中供粉系統(tǒng)在面粉接受、面粉出倉、面粉輸送、面粉稱量等環(huán)節(jié)均有很大優(yōu)勢，可以給企業(yè)帶來良好的經(jīng)濟效益，現(xiàn)已在多個大型食品企業(yè)得到應用。系統(tǒng)自動化供粉系統(tǒng)與人工供粉系統(tǒng)相比，具有運行穩(wěn)定、操作簡單、性價比高等特點，故是食品行業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢采用的膜過濾器具有孔徑小（０．２μｍ）
、膜表面光滑、濾液通透阻力小、易于反沖和清洗、膜孔不宜
堵塞、過濾能力大（１．５～２．０ｍ３／ｍ
２
·ｈ）、過濾效率高；采用該膜制造的裝置可以對鈣鹽法工藝廢水進行強制分離，既能凈化廢水（０～２０ 

ＮＴＵ）又能及時充分回收鈣鹽法工藝廢水中檸檬酸鹽類物質；另外，利用壓縮空氣對濾膜進行清洗，使濾膜孔徑始終保持*大。此裝置完全自動控制，無人操作，生產(chǎn)單元時間可以按來料情況設定，該設備中所使用的零部件均可以從市場       市場 交易市場  市場源于古時人類對固定時段或地點進行交易的場所，指買賣雙方進行交易的場所.

Automated centralized supply of powder system in the cost savings, material costs, to ensure food safety food quality and so has the absolute advantage, the following a food business for the powder system as an example to specify the automated supply system

The flour is transported mainly through bulk dump trucks and is fed to the flour silts with its own pressure system. Flour through the vibration of the bottom of the unloader and variable frequency feed the dragon according to the production needs of a certain amount of flour transported to the single screen sieve,
After screening through a single sieve to ensure the quality of raw materials, such as foreign bags of flour, but also through the artificial hopper to the flour transported to the single sieve. Flour after a single sieve screening and magnetic separation after magnetic separation, through a simple pressure system will be transported to the circulation of temporary storage tank temporary storage, to prepare for the use of subsequent sections. When flour needs flour, flour through the vibration of the bottom of the unloader and variable frequency feed conveyor belt to the batching scales, according to production needs, accurate weighing, and the flour through the feed dragon to the various powder points. The entire system, easy to produce dust at the operating point have been set up dust removal system to ensure the safety of personnel.
2.2 Advantages of each system of centralized centralized supply system 2.2.1 Flour receiving system
Bulk dump truck with simple mechanical and pneumatic transmission, with a simple structure, flexible configuration, the number of equipment, small footprint, investment, easy maintenance, flexible to the advantages of the surrounding large and medium
The food processing industry has begun to eliminate the traditional manual mode, is moving in the health, nutrition, professional, convenient and automated direction of automation, automated supply of powder system can be people from the heavy work In the freed. Automated supply system is through the advanced PLC system to control the operation of machinery and equipment to achieve the minimum cost of personnel to flour safe, accurate, stable and efficient delivery to the various operating points. With the progress of society, the people's life gradually toward the direction of rapid development, more and more people do not want to spend a lot of time in the kitchen, a new generation of consumer groups continue to increase, people demand for convenience food will be more and more Large and convenient food processing plants such as noodles, instant noodles, steamed buns, buns, noodles, dumplings, fried dumplings, pies, pizza, spring rolls, fried dough sticks, twist, biscuits, pancakes, bread, biscuits, fried noodles And so on, these modern food processing enterprises are flour for the processing of raw materials, enough to explain the importance of the supply system in the food industry The traditional system of powder supply system The traditional supply of powder system for the use of artificial powder, and raw materials are bagged flour, The amount of powder is based on a certain amount of time into the flour of the number of bags.

This process of automatic centralized supply of powder in the food processing industry for a long period of time, but with the development of commodity economy, people work efficiency, improve the standard of living, the concept of healthy living diet has been deeply rooted in the people, Will be eliminated by the industry. The traditional way of supplying powder is the following malpractice. 1.1 Labor costs are too high With the development of society, China's traditional low labor cost advantage has been gradually weakened in the traditional production process of repeated processing of flour raw materials, handling and delivery have increased labor intensity, will inevitably lead to artificial The cost of the growing, and people on the working environment requirements are getting higher and higher. The traditional way of feeding is bound to produce a lot of dust not only endanger the health of workers, but also a lot of safety production hidden dangers. The increase in labor costs will inevitably increase the cost of food processing, reduce market competitiveness, a direct impact on business efficiency
Material costs are too high The traditional processing enterprises are using 25 kg of flour raw materials, if the processing plant 1 d use of flour for 30 t, then need 1 200 per day flour bags, the cost of each bag in accordance with the average 1 yuan / month calculation, the daily cost of packaging materials for the package of 1,200 yuan. For some of its own flour processing plant food companies, short-distance packaging and transportation is undoubtedly a waste and loss. 1.3 Food safety is difficult to control With the introduction of "Food Safety Law", people pay more and more attention to food safety, in the traditional powder supply process, the artificial feeding process of working environment is open, flour direct contact with the outside world , Inevitably in the handling and unpacking process caused by secondary pollution, flour quality is difficult to control. 1.4 food quality is difficult to control the traditional artificial powder to the number of flour bags as a basis, and the actual weight there is a certain error, it is difficult to ensure the quality and stability of food quality. 2 automatic centralized supply of powder system applications Compared with the traditional supply system,


1]
The Bulk transport can save material and packaging costs, and transport convenient and flexible, in the entire receiving system, no contact with the outside world, to avoid secondary pollution, with good economic benefits. 2.2.2 flour out of the warehouse system
Two flour ware can be stored in different varieties, according to production needs, by adjusting the frequency of feeding the dragon, has reached the purpose of flour with coarse, to ensure the stability of flour quality, making production more flexible, convenient, operable The 2.2.3 Flour screening system
Flour must be sifted before entering the production workshop to prevent flour agglomeration, raw insects contaminated food raw materials, but also to prevent the process of manual bagging and other foreign objects fall into the bag. Magnetic separation system can filter out the flour in the magnetic material to ensure the quality of flour and food safety. 2.2.4 flour conveying system
Material piping, sealing and automation, is now the bulk material transport technology development direction, and pneumatic conveying is undoubtedly real
Is one of the best ways of this logistics technology [
2]
The Automated centralized supply of powder system The use of pneumatic conveying pressure, compared with other conveyor devices more secure, is conducive to the environment and health, to avoid the material damp, mixed with foreign matter, but also reduce labor intensity, greatly improving production efficiency. 2.2.5 Discharge system
As the temporary storage warehouse volume is small, pressure into the warehouse, the direct suction dust, will produce a lot of suction powder, inconvenience to the production, the system uses a professional cycle of the warehouse, can effectively reduce the production of suction powder ,
Reduce labor costs and waste of raw materials, improve economic efficiency. 2.2.6 weighing system
The system uses high-precision weighing module, combined with the weighing control instrument on the material accurately weighed in the entire PLC system under the control of accurate and stable for the use of powder to provide raw materials, greatly improving the work efficiency. The amount of material weighing calculation is accurate, no unmanned operation at the same time to improve productivity, for the enterprise has brought considerable economic benefits and good social benefits, while the system PLC control to give full play to its anti-interference ability, flexible configuration, reliable control , Easy programming, easy maintenance and the advantages of field commissioning, to the stability of the entire system
Sex brings greater benefits [
3]
The 2.2.7 Dust removal system
In the artificial hopper, pressure off the wind, batching scales and other easy to produce dust at the operating point are set up suction points, and after the bag filter discharged from the outdoor, greatly improving the working environment, to prevent dust explosion, to ensure production safety.
2.2.8 control system
The system is controlled by PLC equipment in accordance with the design process of stable operation,
And in the corresponding position to set the level device and other alarm devices, in order to achieve unsupervised circumstances, can guarantee the normal operation of equipment. The feeding and discharging of the batching is also carried out by PLC control. The whole system greatly reduces the input of labor cost, and greatly improves the production efficiency and economic efficiency. In the whole system, all the equipment are set on-site maintenance and emergency stop switch, can effectively ensure the safety of the staff.
3 Conclusion
Automated centralized supply systems are substances that are available for human consumption or consumption, including processed foods, semi-finished products and unprocessed food. The top priority of the enterprise, the supply chain for the production of safety is the key to ensure the quality of follow-up products. Artificial powder supply system mainly by manual operation feeding,
Human factors greatly reduce the accuracy of feeding and material safety, has been far from being able to meet the needs of modern food production enterprises,
The automatic centralized supply of powder system in the flour to accept, flour out of the warehouse, flour transport, flour weighing and other sectors have great advantages, can give enterprises a good economic benefits, is now in a number of large food enterprises have been applied. System automation supply powder system compared with the artificial powder system, with stable operation, simple operation, cost-effective features, it is the inevitable trend of the development of the food industry membrane filter with a small aperture (0.2μm)
, The film surface is smooth, the filtrate permeability is small, easy to recoil and cleaning, membrane hole should not be
Blocking, filtering capacity (1.5 ~ 2.0m3 / m
2
H), high filtration efficiency; the use of the film manufacturing device can be calcium salt process wastewater for forced separation, both purification of wastewater (0 ~ 20
NTU) can be timely and timely recovery of calcium salt process wastewater citrate substances; In addition, the use of compressed air to filter the filter, so that the membrane aperture remains the maximum. This device is fully automatic control, no operation, the production unit time can be set according to the incoming situation, the equipment used in the market can be used from the market market trading market from ancient people on a fixed period of time or place to trade Place, refers to the place where the buyer and seller trade.